Wednesday, September 2, 2015

Awards and achievements

Awards and achievements

Swift has received many awards and honors, including seven Grammy Awards,[538][539][540][541] 16 American Music Awards,[542][543][544][545][546][547][548] eleven Country Music Association Awards, eight Academy of Country Music Awards,[549] 22 Billboard Music Awards and one Brit Award.[550] As a songwriter, she has been honored by the Nashville Songwriters Association[551][552][553] and the Songwriters Hall of Fame.[554]
By the start of 2015, Swift had sold more than 40 million albums, 130 million single downloads and was one of the top five music artists with the highest worldwide digital sales.[230] Each of Swift's studio albums had sold at least four million units in the U.S.: Taylor Swift (5.5 million), Fearless (6.9 million), Speak Now (4.5 million), Red (4.1 million) and 1989 (4.9 million).[555]

Discography

Concert tours

Filmography

Film

Year Title Role Notes
2009 Jonas Brothers: The 3D Concert Experience Herself Cameo
2009 Hannah Montana: The Movie Herself Cameo
2010 Valentine's Day Felicia Miller
2012 The Lorax Audrey Voice
2014 The Giver Rosemary

Television

Year Title Role Notes
2009 CSI: Crime Scene Investigation Haley Jones Episode: "Turn, Turn, Turn"
2009–2015 Saturday Night Live (four episodes) Herself Host, writer, performer[556][557]
2013 New Girl Elaine Episode: "Elaine's Big Day"
2014 The Voice Herself Episode

Personal life

Personal life

Family

Swift purchased a four-bedroom mansion in Belle Meade, Tennessee, for her parents.[498] Swift's younger brother, Austin, is a graduate of the University of Notre Dame and has acted in college productions.[13][499] Swift's mother was diagnosed with cancer in December 2014.[500] Swift is the godmother to actress Jaime King's son Leo.

Residences

The harbor in Watch Hill, Rhode Island, where Swift owns a summer home
Swift's main residence is a duplex penthouse in the Tribeca neighborhood of New York City.[218][501] She also spends time at a three-bedroom cottage in Beverly Hills, California,[502] and a duplex penthouse in Nashville, Tennessee.[8][503] She owns an eight-bedroom summer home in coastal Watch Hill, Rhode Island.[504]

Relationships

Swift dated musician Joe Jonas from July to October 2008,[505][506] and actor Taylor Lautner from October to December 2009.[507][508] She was romantically linked to musician John Mayer from late 2009 until early 2010.[509][510][511][512] She dated actor Jake Gyllenhaal from October to December 2010.[513][514] Following their break-up, they were seen together in January and February 2011.[515][516] Swift dated political heir Conor Kennedy from July to September 2012.[517][518] She dated singer Harry Styles from October 2012 to January 2013.[519][520]
Swift did not date in 2013 after January, or in 2014, citing an unwillingness to deal with additional media attention.[521] "I have this feeling like if I were to open myself up to love, that would be a career weakness."[522]
In March 2015, Swift started dating record-producer and DJ Calvin Harris.[523][524] By June 2015, the duo were ranked as the highest-paid celebrity couple over the past year by Forbes with combined earnings of over $146 million.[525]

Politics

During the 2008 presidential campaign, she supported the Every Woman Counts campaign, aimed at engaging women in the political process, and was one of many country stars to record a public service announcement for the Vote (For Your) Country campaign.[526] She stated: "I don't think it's my job to try and influence people which way they should vote."[9] Following President Obama's inauguration, she told Rolling Stone that she supported the president: "I've never seen this country so happy about a political decision in my entire time of being alive. I'm so glad this was my first election."[527]
In 2010, former U.S. President George H. W. Bush attended the taping of a Swift television special in Kennebunkport, Maine,[528] and later described Swift as "unspoiled" and "very nice."[529] In 2012, Swift was presented with a Kids' Choice Award in recognition of her charitable work by Michelle Obama, who praised her as someone who "has rocketed to the top of the music industry but still keeps her feet on the ground, someone who has shattered every expectation of what a 22-year-old can accomplish."[530] Swift later described the First Lady as "a role model."[531] In a 2012 interview, Swift remarked that, although she tries to keep herself "as educated and informed as possible," she doesn't "talk about politics because it might influence other people."[532] Swift has spent time with the Kennedy family[533] and has spoken of her admiration for Ethel Kennedy.[534][535] Swift is also a feminist.

Philanthropy

Philanthropy

Swift's philanthropic efforts have been recognized by the Do Something Awards,[428] The Giving Back Fund[429] and the Tennessee Disaster Services.[430]
Swift performing at the Speak Now Tour Hots in Sydney, Australia (2012)
In 2012, Michelle Obama presented Swift with The Big Help Award for her "dedication to helping others" and "inspiring others through action."[431] Also that year, Kerry Kennedy of the Robert F. Kennedy Center for Justice and Human Rights presented Swift with the Ripple of Hope Award because of her "dedication to advocacy at such a young age ... Taylor is just the kind of woman we want our daughters to be."[432][433]
Swift is a supporter of arts education. In 2010, she donated $75,000 to Nashville's Hendersonville High School to help refurbish the school auditorium's sound and lighting systems.[434] In 2012, she pledged $4 million to fund the building of a new education center at the Country Music Hall of Fame and Museum in Nashville.[435] The 7,500-square-foot building opened in 2014 and will facilitate new programs and workshops for teenagers and senior citizens.[436][437] The space includes three classrooms and an exhibit space, and houses interactive activities such as a musical petting zoo and a "wet" classroom space to make concert posters and other art projects.[438] Museum officials named it The Taylor Swift Education Center and the singer is involved in an advisory capacity.[439] Also in 2012, Swift partnered with textbook rental company Chegg to donate $60,000 to the music departments of six US colleges.[440][441] In 2013, Swift donated $100,000 to the Nashville Symphony.[442]
Swift promotes children's literacy. In 2009, she donated $250,000 to various schools around the country that she had either attended or had other associations with. The money was used to buy books, fund educational programs and help pay teachers' salaries.[443] In 2010, she took part in a live webcast, Read Now! with Taylor Swift, broadcast exclusively in US schools to celebrate Scholastic's Read Every Day campaign.[444][445] In 2011, Swift donated 6,000 Scholastic books to Reading Public Library, Pennsylvania[446] and, in 2012, she donated 14,000 books to Nashville Public Library, Tennessee.[447] Most of the books were placed in circulation; the rest were given to children from low-income families, preschools and daycare centers.[447] In 2012, she co-chaired the National Education Association's Read Across America campaign and recorded a PSA encouraging children to read.[448] Also in 2012, Swift promoted the "power of reading" in a second live Scholastic webcast, broadcast directly to US classrooms.[449] In 2013, through the Reach Out and Read initiative, she donated 2,000 Scholastic books to the Reading Hospital Child Health Center's early literacy program.[450] In 2014, she appeared in a READ campaign[451] and took part in another Scholastic webcast, broadcast in US classrooms.[452] Also that year, she donated all proceeds from her song "Welcome to New York" to New York City Public Schools.[453]
Throughout her career, Swift has donated money for helping victims of natural disasters. In 2008, she donated the proceeds from her merchandise sales at the Country Music Festival to the Red Cross's disaster relief fund.[454] Later that year, she donated $100,000 to the Red Cross to help the victims of the Iowa flood of 2008.[455] In 2009, Swift supported the Victorian Bushfire Appeal by joining the lineup at Sydney's Sound Relief concert,[456] reportedly making the biggest contribution of any artist to the Australian Red Cross.[457] In 2010, she took part in the Hope for Haiti telethon; she performed and answered phone calls from viewers wishing to donate money.[458] She also recorded a song for the Hope for Haiti Now album.[459] In response to the May 2010 Tennessee floods, Swift donated $500,000 during a telethon hosted by WSMV.[460] Later that year, she donated $100,000 to help rebuild a playground in Hendersonville, Tennessee which was damaged by floodwater.[461] In 2011, Swift used the final dress rehearsal for the North American leg of her Speak Now tour as a benefit concert for victims of recent tornadoes in the United States, raising more than $750,000.[462] She also donated $250,000 to Alabama football coach Nick Saban's charity, Nick's Kids, to aid in the tornado relief efforts of West Alabama.[463] In 2012, Swift supported Architecture for Humanity's Restore the Shore MTV telethon in the aftermath of Hurricane Sandy.[464]
Swift opposes LGBT discrimination. Following the 2008 murder of Larry King, she recorded a Gay, Lesbian and Straight Education Network PSA to combat hate crimes.[465] On the first anniversary of King's death, Swift told Seventeen that her parents taught her "never to judge others based on whom they love, what color their skin is, or their religion."[466] In 2011, the music video for Swift's anti-bullying song "Mean" dealt in part with homophobia in high schools; the video was later nominated for an MTV VMA social activism award.[467][468][469] The New York Times believes she is part of "a new wave of young (and mostly straight) women who are providing the soundtrack for a generation of gay fans coming to terms with their identity in a time of turbulent and confusing cultural messages."[467]
The singer is involved with a number of charities which provide services to sick children. In 2008, she donated a pink Chevy pick-up truck to the Victory Junction Gang Camp; the truck is used to transport sick children from the airport to the camp.[470] In 2011, as the Academy of Country Music's Entertainer of the Year, Swift donated $25,000 to St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Tennessee. This figure was matched by the Academy.[471] In 2012, Swift participated in the Stand Up to Cancer telethon, performing "Ronan", a song she wrote in memory of a four-year-old boy who died of neuroblastoma. The song was made available for digital download, with all proceeds donated to cancer-related charities.[472] In 2014, she donated $100,000 to the V Foundation for Cancer Research[473] and $50,000 to Children's Hospital of Philadelphia.[474] Swift has met with many sick fans through the Make-A-Wish Foundation.[475][476][477][478] She has also made private visits to hospitals such as St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, the Walter Reed Army Medical Center, the Ronald McDonald House, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Children's Hospital & Medical Center and Vanderbilt Children's Hospital.[479][480][481][482][483][484]
Swift has encouraged young people to volunteer in their local community as part of Global Youth Service Day.[485] In 2007, she launched a campaign to protect children from online predators, in partnership with the Tennessee Association of Chiefs of Police.[486] Also in 2007, she supported an Allstate campaign which promotes safe teenage driving.[487] In 2009, Swift recorded a Sound Matters PSA to make listeners aware of the importance of listening "responsibly."[488] She appeared in a Got Milk? campaign in 2010.[489] Swift has donated auctionable items to a large number of charities, including the Elton John AIDS Foundation,[490] the UNICEF Tap Project,[491] Oxfam International,[492] Habitat for Humanity,[493] MusiCares[494] and Feeding America.[495] She has also performed at a number of benefit concerts, including for the Food Bank For New York City,[496] and Shriners Hospitals for Children

Acting work

Acting work

Swift at the premiere of Hannah Montana: The Movie in 2009
Swift made her acting debut in a 2009 episode of CBS's CSI: Crime Scene Investigation, playing a rebellious teenager.[414] The New York Times noted that the character allowed Swift to be "a little bit naughty, and credibly so".[415] Rolling Stone felt she "held her own" and "does a good job with the script"[416] while the Chicago Tribune said she "acquits herself well."[417] Later that year, Swift both hosted and performed as the musical guest for an episode of Saturday Night Live.[418] Entertainment Weekly described her as "this season's best Saturday Night Live host so far," noting that she "was always up for the challenge, seemed to be having fun, and helped the rest of the cast nail the punchlines". Proving "admirably resilient in a wide variety of sketch roles", she "inspired more of a female, girly-in-the-best-sense sensibility in SNL than it's shown since the Tina Fey-Amy Poehler days".[419]
Swift made her feature film acting debut in the 2010 ensemble comedy Valentine's Day, playing the ditzy girlfriend of a high school jock.[420] The Los Angeles Times felt the performance suggested "serious comedic potential"[421] while the San Francisco Chronicle found her "very funny".[422] Time remarked that Swift portrayed her character "rather charmingly".[423] However, Variety found her "entirely undirected... she needs to find a skilled director to tamp her down and channel her obviously abundant energy".[424] The Daily News described her performance as "painfully clunky" while Slant Magazine found her "unwatchable".[425][426] In 2012, Swift voiced Audrey, a tree lover, in the animated film The Lorax. In 2013, she made a brief cameo on the sitcom New Girl. In 2014, she had a supporting role in the film adaptation of The Giver.

Product endorsements

Product endorsements

While promoting her debut album, Swift appeared as a spokesmodel for l.e.i. jeans and as the face of Verizon Wireless' Mobile Music campaign.[399][400] In the Fearless era, she launched a l.e.i. sundress range at Wal-Mart,[401] and designed American Greetings cards and Jakks Pacific dolls.[402][403] She became a spokesperson for the NHL's Nashville Predators and Sony Cyber-shot digital cameras.[404][405] She performed in a commercial for the Band Hero video game, with Rivers Cuomo, Pete Wentz and Travis Barker appearing as her backing band.[406] In the Speak Now era, she released a special edition of her album through Target.[407] Swift became a CoverGirl spokesmodel,[408] launched two Elizabeth Arden fragrances, Wonderstruck and Wonderstruck Enchanted.
While promoting her fourth album Red, Swift offered exclusive album promotions through Target,[409] Papa John's Pizza[188] and Walgreens.[410] She became a spokesmodel for Diet Coke and Keds sneakers,[411] released her third Elizabeth Arden fragrance titled Taylor by Taylor Swift, and continued her partnerships with Sony Electronics and American Greetings. Swift also partnered with a number of companies during the Red Tour; AirAsia and Qantas acted as the official airlines for the Australian and Asian legs, while Cornetto sponsored the Asian leg of the tour. While promoting 1989, Swift had tie-ins with Subway, Keds, Target and Diet Coke.[412] In 2014, Swift released her fourth fragrance Incredible Things.

Impact and recognition

Impact and recognition

Taylor Swift speaks into a microphone, wearing a navy polka-dot dress and red heels
Swift speaking during a YouTube interview in 2011
Swift's work has received praise from veteran artists. Bill Withers says: "She's clever. Being a songwriter, I can appreciate her wit. She deserves all of her success."[367] Neil Young describes her as "a great writer": "I like Taylor Swift. I like listening to her. I kind of like watching her respond to all the attacks. I like the ways she's defining herself. So I keep my eye on it."[368][369] Stephen Stills defended Swift's confessional writing style: "That's what you do as a songwriter ... Wear your heart on your sleeve, then just write about it. Fuck 'em. If I was young, I would be one of Taylor Swift's conquests."[370][371][372]
James Taylor, who performed with Swift on two occasions, said that "we just hit it off. I loved her songs, and her presence on stage was so great."[172][173] Elvis Costello remarked: "I think she is quite interesting ... You can see a degree of self-possession there, and I'm intrigued by that."[373] Judy Collins points to Swift as an example of a current star who is continuing on the lineage of being an independent-minded artist.[374] Steve Earle said of 1989: "It's a really good record! She's a real songwriter."[375]
In regard to Swift, Kristofferson said that "she blows me away. It's amazing to me that someone so young is writing such great songs. She's got a great career ahead of her."[376][377] Janis Ian notes that Swift "changed the face of music, songwriting and guitar playing for girls ... There is an authenticity there."[378] Nicks believes Swift writes "songs that make the whole world sing, like Neil Diamond or Elton John."[130] She remarked that the younger singer's "Today Was A Fairytale" has "stayed in my heart forever. And it just reminds me of me in a lot of ways."[379] Lindsey Buckingham named Swift as a current artist who may have the staying power of Fleetwood Mac: "I actually like Taylor Swift. I admire what she’s been able to do."[380]
Jon Bon Jovi describes her as "the real deal in every way, shape and form. She's a writer, she's a singer, she's a beautiful girl ... Like, she's going to be around."[381] Parton is "extremely impressed with her, especially with her songwriting ... I'm real impressed with the depth of her sometimes. She's got the qualities that could last a long time."[382][383] Etheridge remarks: "I love her soul, her spirit. I think she's going to surprise people and I think she's going to be around for a long time."[384][385]
Swift has also received songwriting praise from contemporaries. Mayer was a supporter of Swift's early career—the duo recorded a duet and performed in concert together on two occasions: "You could put her in a time machine in any era and she would have a hit record."[386] Ryan Adams described her as one of the "most fucking amazing writers I’ve ever seen. I’ve sat in this room with her before and heard a song she was constructing on the spot and it was unbelievable. It was pure alchemy."[387] Kathleen Hanna is "totally into Taylor Swift. I think she has super-clever lyrics, and I love that she writes her own music."[388] Shirley Manson remarked that Swift is "exceedingly talented at songwriting ... She drew her own door and walked right through it. We should applaud her balls for bucking the system. That's what artists are supposed to do."[389] Lena Dunham, the creator and star of HBO's television series Girls, has described Swift as her "artistic kindred spirit."[390] She also received praise from Drake,[391] Tegan and Sara,[392][393] Grimes,[394] Kesha,[395] Katy Perry,[396] Kelly Clarkson[397] and Lady Gaga.

Public image

Public image

Taylor Swift stands in a Time press area, wearing a black, strapless dress and curled hair
Swift at the 2010 Time 100 Gala, where she was honored
Swift has high Q Score and Davie-Brown Index ratings, reflecting a high level of public awareness (90 percent) and popularity (80 percent) in the U.S.[346] The singer considers it her "responsibility" to be conscious of her influence on young fans.[347] A Rolling Stone journalist who profiled Swift in 2009 remarked upon her polite manners: "If this is Swift's game face, it must be tattooed on because it never drops."[60][348]
In 2012, Rolling Stone remarked upon Swift's "ease with glad-handing"[349] while The Hollywood Reporter described her as "the Best People Person since Bill Clinton."[350] It has been said that she is "the kind of driven, intensely ambitious person who'd thrive regardless of her profession."[351] A 2012 Vogue cover story described Swift as "clever and funny and occasionally downright bawdy" in person.[352] Grantland describes Swift as "dorky" and "openly neurotic in a way you'd never see from a blonde country princess like Faith Hill or Carrie Underwood. She is more like Diane Keaton in Annie Hall: overly gracious and eager to please but full of a nonstop, nervous, fluttering energy."[353]
While promoting 1989, Swift began to use social media to respond directly to her fans and invited 100 fans to appear in the "Shake It Off" music video.[354] Swift has sent holiday gifts to fans by post and in person, dubbed "Swiftmas",[355] and has invited fans to her home to spend time with her.[356] She has said that her fans are "the longest and best relationship I have ever had",[357] and regularly recognizes them in awards ceremonies. She has also been known to track down and find fans who attend.[358][359] Taylor interacts with her fans heavily on social media, including Instagram and more recently, Tumblr[360]—even while attending awards ceremonies.[361]
In the early years of her career, Swift's signature look consisted of sundresses and cowboy boots.[362][363] This fashion style is still copied by many of the young fans who attend her concerts.[362][364] At formal events, Swift became known for "sparkly, beaded dresses."[362] Her naturally curly hairstyle is replicated by fans, and Swift has remarked: "I remember straightening my hair because I wanted to be like everybody else, and now the fact that anybody would emulate what I do? It's just funny."[364] She was asked by Vogue to cut bangs for a cover shoot in late 2011, and now often straightens her hair.[365] Swift was named an Icon of American Style by Vogue in 2011.

Vocals

Vocals

Swift possesses a light-lyric soprano vocal range of two octaves from E3 to F#5.[332] Her voice has been described as "sweet, but soft."[333] In studio recordings, the Los Angeles Times identifies Swift's "defining" vocal gesture as "the line that slides down like a contented sigh or up like a raised eyebrow, giving her beloved girl-time hits their air of easy intimacy."[140] Rolling Stone, in a Speak Now review, remarked: "Swift's voice is unaffected enough to mask how masterful she has become as a singer; she lowers her voice for the payoff lines in the classic mode of a shy girl trying to talk tough."[334] In another review of Speak Now, The Village Voice noted that her phrasing was previously "bland and muddled, but that's changed. She can still sound strained and thin, and often strays into a pitch that drives some people crazy; but she's learned how to make words sound like what they mean."[141]
In a live setting, Swift, according to The Hollywood Reporter, "does her best, but certainly doesn't have the pipes to go toe-to-toe with the likes of Christina Aguilera or Carrie Underwood."[333] Her live vocals were described in 2009 as "flat," "thin, and sometimes as wobbly as a newborn colt."[335][336] However, Swift has received praise for refusing to correct her pitch with Auto-Tune.[337][338][339]
In an interview with The New Yorker, Swift characterized herself primarily as a songwriter: "I write songs, and my voice is just a way to get those lyrics across."[8][340] Borchetta conceded in 2010 that Swift is "not the best technical singer," but described her as the "best communicator that we've got."[341] Swift's vocal presence is something that concerns her and she has "put a lot of work" into improving it.[342] It was reported in 2010 that she continues to take vocal lessons.[343][344] She has said that she only feels nervous performing "if I'm not sure what the audience thinks of me, like at award shows.

Musical style

Musical style

Swift's music contains elements of pop, pop rock and country.[325][325][326] She self-identified as a country artist until the 2014 release of 1989, which she has described as a "sonically cohesive pop album."[327][328] Despite the pop direction of 1989,[219] Swift intends to record further country music albums in the future.[328]
Rolling Stone asserted that, "she might get played on the country station, but she's one of the few genuine rock stars we've got these days."[329] The New York Times noted that, "There isn't much in Ms. Swift's music to indicate country—a few banjo strums, a pair of cowboy boots worn onstage, a bedazzled guitar—but there's something in her winsome, vulnerable delivery that's unique to Nashville."[330] The New Yorker believes she is "considered part of Nashville's country-pop tradition only because she writes narrative songs with melodic clarity and dramatic shape—Nashville's stock-in-trade."[331] The Guardian has said that Swift "cranks melodies out with the pitiless efficiency of a Scandinavian pop factory.

Lyrical themes and style

Lyrical themes and style

Thematically, The Guardian noted that Swift was "fantastically good at regarding teenage life with a kind of wistful, sepia-toned nostalgia" over the course of her first two albums.[300] New York Magazine remarked that few singer-songwriters have written "great records so explicitly about their teens ... Her nearest antecedent might be sixties-era Brian Wilson, the one true adolescent auteur before she came along."[301] Comparisons have also been drawn with Janis Ian.[293]
Fairytale imagery featured on Swift's second album, Fearless. She explored the disconnect "between fairy tales and the reality of love."[302][303] Her later albums address more adult relationships.[294] In addition to romance and love, Swift's songs have discussed parent-child relationships ("The Best Day", "Never Grow Up", "Ronan"), friendships ("Fifteen", "Breathe", "22", "Bad Blood"),[304][305] alienation ("The Outside", "A Place in This World", "Tied Together with a Smile", "Mean", "Shake It Off"), fame ("The Lucky One", "I Know Places"), and career ambitions ("Change", "Long Live").[306][307]
It has been said that Swift's defining quality as a songwriter is "a determination to register and hang onto fleeting feelings and impressions, a pre-emptive nostalgia for a present (and sometimes even a future) that she knows will some day be in the past."[308] Swift frequently includes "a tossed-off phrase to suggest large and serious things that won't fit in the song, things that enhance or subvert the surface narrative."[309] The New Yorker has said that her songs, "though they are not subversive, have a certain sophistication ... Sentimental songs are laced with intimations of future disillusionment."[310]
Structurally, Slate notes that Swift has "effortless, preternatural mastery of pop conventions: Very few songwriters can build better bridges than she does."[311] Rolling Stone described her as "a songwriting savant with an intuitive gift for verse-chorus-bridge architecture."[312] The Village Voice noted that Swift uses third-verse POV reversals frequently.[309] In terms of imagery, repetition is evident in Swift's songwriting. In the words of The Guardian, "she spends so much time kissin' in the rain that it seems a miracle she hasn't developed trenchfoot."[300] The writer added, "to Swift's credit, she explores new lyrical motifs over the course of [her fourth] album."[183] American Songwriter describes Swift as "a great songwriter, who writes with an unmatched and almost unnatural acuity ... Even her earliest material is characterized by thoughtful – perhaps meticulous – word choice and deliberate melodic construction, with nary a lazy rhyme or aimless tune to be found."[313][314] While reviews of Swift's work are "almost uniformly positive," The New Yorker has said she is generally portrayed "more as a skilled technician than as a Dylanesque visionary."[293]
"For a female to write about her feelings, and then be portrayed as some clingy, insane, desperate girlfriend in need of making you marry her and have kids with her, I think that's taking something that potentially should be celebrated – a woman writing about her feelings in a confessional way – that's taking it and turning it and twisting it into something that is frankly a little sexist."
— Swift in response to criticism of her songwriting[315]
Swift uses autobiographical detail in her work.[316] Listening to music as a child, she felt confused "when I knew something was going on in someone's personal life and they didn't address it in their music."[317]
The New York Times believes that "righting wrongs is Ms. Swift's raison d'être."[318] In her songs, Swift often addresses the "anonymous crushes of her high school years" and, more recently, fellow celebrities.[318] Mayer, the presumed subject of "Dear John", has said the song "humiliated" him: "I think it's kind of cheap songwriting. I know she's the biggest thing in the world, and I'm not trying to sink anybody's ship, but I think it's abusing your talent to rub your hands together and go, 'Wait till he gets a load of this!'"[319] The Village Voice has downplayed this aspect of Swift's songwriting: "Being told What Songs Mean is like having a really pushy professor. And it imperils a true appreciation of Swift's talent, which is not confessional, but dramatic."[320] New York Magazine believes the media scrutiny over her decision to use autobiographical detail "is sexist, inasmuch as it's not asked of her male peers": "It's a relief to see Swift, the ur-nice-girl, refuse to give the mea culpa that many journalists she's talked to have sought."[321]
The singer herself has said that all her songs are not factual[322] and are often based on observations.[323] Aside from her liner note clues, Swift tries not to talk specifically about song subjects "because these are real people. You try to give insight as to where you were coming from as a writer without completely throwing somebody under the bus.

Artistry Influences

Artistry

Influences

One of Swift's earliest musical memories is listening to her maternal grandmother, Marjorie Finlay (née Moehlenkamp), sing at church.[17][248] In her youth, Finlay was a television host in Puerto Rico, and performed in operas in Thailand and Singapore.[9][249] As a very young child, Swift enjoyed Disney movie soundtracks: "My parents noticed that, once I had run out of words, I would just make up my own."[30][250] Later, her parents exposed her to artists such as James Taylor, Simon & Garfunkel and Def Leppard.[251][252] Swift has said she owes her confidence to her mother, who helped her prepare for class presentations as a child.[253] She also attributes her "fascination with writing and storytelling" to her mother.[254]
Shania Twain (left), Stevie Nicks (center) and Carly Simon (right) have influenced Swift
Swift was introduced to country music by "the great female country artists of the '90s ... Shania, Faith, the Dixie Chicks."[72][255] She was drawn to both the sound and storytelling of country music.[256] Twain, both as a songwriter and performer, was her biggest musical influence.[257] Hill was Swift's childhood role model: "Everything she said, did, wore, I tried to copy it."[258][259] Swift admired the Dixie Chicks's defiant attitude and their ability to play their own instruments.[9][260] The band's "Cowboy Take Me Away" was the first song Swift learned to play on the guitar.[261]
Swift then began to explore the music of older country stars, including Cline, Loretta Lynn,[9] Dolly Parton and Tammy Wynette.[9][262] She believes Parton is "an amazing example to every female songwriter out there."[259] Other mainstream country influences include Miranda Lambert,[263] Dwight Yoakam,[264] Strait,[9] Garth Brooks,[72] Kenny Chesney,[259] Reba McEntire,[265] Jackson,[9] Martina McBride,[266] Rimes,[267] McGraw[268] and Brad Paisley.[269] Swift also admires alt-country artists such as Ryan Adams,[270] Patty Griffin,[271] Lori McKenna[272] and Bon Iver.[273]
Swift has also been influenced by many artists outside the country genre. As a pre-teen, she enjoyed bubblegum pop acts including Hanson and Britney Spears; she still has "unwavering devotion" for Spears.[274][275] In her high school years, Swift listened to emo bands such as Dashboard Confessional,[276] Fall Out Boy,[277] The All-American Rejects[278] and Jimmy Eat World.[279] She was also a fan of contemporary female singer-songwriters including Celine Dion,[280] Ingrid Michaelson,[281] Michelle Branch,[279] Pink,[282] Alanis Morissette,[283] Ashlee Simpson,[284] Kelly Clarkson,[285] Fefe Dobson[279] and Avril Lavigne.[285]
Swift closely followed the musical supervision on the television dramas The O.C. and Grey's Anatomy, downloading "every" song featured.[273] She is a fan of hip hop music, stating that "Pride [in a lifestyle] is something that both country and hip-hop share."[9] Swift also drew inspiration from the catalogues of veteran artists. She describes Nicks as a "hero" who "has inspired me in so many ways."[176][286] Petty, she has said, "is on a pedestal for me."[287] She is "obsessed" with Sixties acts like The Shirelles, Doris Troy and The Beach Boys.[155][288] Influence also came from older female pop rock singers including Pat Benatar,[285][289] Melissa Etheridge,[289] Sarah McLachlan,[283] Shawn Colvin[290] and Linda Ronstadt.[291][292]
Swift lists Paul McCartney, Bruce Springsteen, Emmylou Harris, Kris Kristofferson and Carly Simon as her career role models: "They've taken chances, but they've also been the same artist for their entire careers."[290][293][294] McCartney, both as a Beatle and a solo artist, makes Swift feel "as if I've been let into his heart and his mind": "Any musician could only dream of a legacy like that."[295] She admires Springsteen because he is "so musically relevant after such a long period of time."[296] She aspires to be like Harris as she grows older: "It's not about fame for her, it's about music."[297] Swift says of Kristofferson: "He shines in songwriting ... He's just one of those people who has been in this business for years but you can tell it hasn't chewed him up and spat him out."[298] She admires Simon's "songwriting and honesty": "She's known as an emotional person but a strong person."